5G iyo Goynta Shabakadda
Marka 5G si weyn loo xuso, Shabakadda Goynta ayaa ah tignoolajiyada loogu wada hadlay dhexdooda. Hawl-wadeennada shabakadaha sida KT, SK Telecom, China Mobile, DT, KDDI, NTT, iyo iibiyeyaasha qalabka sida Ericsson, Nokia, iyo Huawei dhamaantood waxay aaminsan yihiin in Shabakadda Goyntu ay tahay qaab-dhismeedka ugu habboon ee shabakada 5G.
Tiknoolajiyadan cusubi waxay u oggolaanaysaa hawl-wadeennada inay kala qaybiyaan shabakado badan oo dalwad-dhamaadka-dhamaadka ah oo ku jira kaabayaasha qalabka, iyo Shabakad kasta oo Shabakad ah ayaa si macquul ah uga go'doonsan aaladda, shabakadda gelitaanka, shabakadda gaadiidka iyo shabakadda xudunta u ah inay la kulmaan sifooyinka kala duwan ee noocyada kala duwan ee adeegyada.
Qayb kasta oo Shabakad ah, agabka u go'ay sida server-yada farsamada gacanta, xadhkaha xadhkaha shabakada, iyo tayada adeega ayaa si buuxda loo dammaanad qaaday. Mar haddii jeex-jeexyo midba midka kale ka go'doonsan yahay, khaladaadka ama guuldarrada hal jeex ma saameyn doonto isgaarsiinta jeexjeexyada kale.
Muxuu 5G ugu baahan yahay Goynta Shabakadda?
Laga soo bilaabo waagii hore ilaa shabakada 4G ee hadda jirta, shabakadaha mobiladu waxay inta badan u adeegaan taleefoonada gacanta, guud ahaanna waxay sameeyaan uun hagaajinta telefoonada gacanta. Si kastaba ha noqotee, xilliga 5G, shabakadaha mobilada waxay u baahan yihiin inay u adeegaan aaladaha noocyo iyo shuruudo kala duwan. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah xaaladaha codsiga ee lagu sheegay waxaa ka mid ah broadband mobile, iot baaxad weyn, iyo hadaf muhim ah. Dhammaantood waxay u baahan yihiin noocyo kala duwan oo shabakado ah waxayna leeyihiin shuruudo kala duwan xagga dhaqdhaqaaqa, xisaabaadka, amniga, xakamaynta siyaasadda, latency, kalsoonida iyo wixii la mid ah.
Tusaale ahaan, adeega iot ee baaxadda wayn waxa uu isku xidhaa dareemayaasha go'an si loo cabbiro heerkulka, qoyaanka, roobka, iwm Intaa waxaa dheer, adeegyada muhiimka ah ee iot-ka ah sida wadista iskeed u madaxbannaan iyo kontoroolka fog ee robots-yada waxay u baahan yihiin daahitaanka dhammaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka dhowr millise seconds, kaas oo aad uga duwan adeegyada ballaadhan ee mobilada.
Muuqaallada Codsiga Muhiimka ah ee 5G
Tani miyay ka dhigan tahay inaan u baahanahay shabakad gaar ah adeeg kasta? Tusaale ahaan, mid wuxuu u adeegaa 5G taleefannada gacanta, midna wuxuu u adeegaa 5G iot weyn, midna wuxuu u adeegaa 5G iot muhim ah. Uma baahnid, sababtoo ah waxaan isticmaali karnaa goynta shabakada si aan u kala saarno shabakado badan oo macquul ah shabakad jireed oo gaar ah, taas oo ah hab aad u qiimo badan!
Shuruudaha Codsiga ee Goynta Shabakadda
Shabakadda shabakadda 5G ee lagu sifeeyay warqadda cad ee 5G ee ay sii daysay NGMN ayaa lagu muujiyay hoos:
Sideen u hirgelinnaa Goynta Shabakadda dhamaadka-ilaa-dhammaad?
(1) 5G shabakada marin-u-helidda bilaa-waayirka ah iyo shabakadda xudunta u ah: NFV
Shabakadda gacanta ee maanta, aaladda ugu weyn waa taleefanka gacanta. RAN (DU iyo RU) iyo hawlaha asaasiga ah waxaa laga dhisay qalab shabakadeed oo gaar ah oo ay bixiyaan iibiyeyaasha RAN. Si loo hirgeliyo goynta shabakadda, Shabakadda Waxqabadka Virtualization (NFV) waa shardi. Asal ahaan, fikradda ugu weyn ee NFV waa in la geeyo software-ka shaqada shabakadda (sida MME, S/P-GW iyo PCRF ee baakidhka xudunta u ah iyo DU ee RAN) dhammaan mashiinnada farsamada ee server-yada ganacsiga halkii ay si gooni gooni ah uga go'i lahaayeen. qalabka shabakada. Sidan, RAN waxaa loola dhaqmaa sida daruur cidhif ah, halka shaqada asaasiga ah loola dhaqmo sida daruurta asaasiga ah. Xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya VMS ee ku yaala cidhifka iyo daruuraha xudunta u ah waxa loo habeeyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo SDN. Kadib, jeex ayaa loo sameeyay adeeg kasta (sida jeex telefoon, jeex weyn oo iot ah, jeex jeex muhiim ah, iwm.).
Sidee loo hirgeliyaa mid ka mid ah Goynta Shabakadda (I)?
Jaantuska hoose waxa uu tusinayaa sida adeeg kasta oo adeeg gaar ah loogu samayn karo jeex kasta. Tusaale ahaan, goyntu waxa loo habayn karaa sidan soo socota:
(1) UHD jeexjeexa: virtualizing DU, 5G core (UP) iyo adeegayaasha kaydinta daruuraha cidhifka ah, iyo 5G core (CP) iyo adeegayaasha MVO ee daruuraha xudunta u ah
(2) Taleefoon goyn: qiyamaynta 5G cores (UP iyo CP) iyo adeegayaasha IMS oo leh awood dhaqdhaqaaq buuxa oo daruuraha xudunta u ah.
(3) Goyn baaxad weyn oo iot ah (tusaale, shabakadaha dareemayaasha)
(4) Hawlgalka-muhiimka ah iot-goynta: Virtualizing 5G cores (UP) iyo server-yada la xidhiidha (tusaale, V2X server) ee daruuraha cidhifka ah si loo yareeyo daahitaanka gudbinta
Ilaa hadda, waxaan u baahanahay inaan abuurno xaleefyo u go'ay adeegyada leh shuruudo kala duwan. Shabakadda farsamada gacanta waxaa lagu meeleeyaa meelo kala duwan oo jeex kasta ah (ie, daruur cidhif ah ama daruur xuduneed) iyadoo loo eegayo sifooyinka adeeg ee kala duwan. Intaa waxaa dheer, qaar ka mid ah hawlaha shabakada, sida biilasha, xakamaynta siyaasadda, iwm., ayaa laga yaabaa inay lagama maarmaan u tahay qaybaha qaarkood, laakiin maaha kuwo kale. Hawl-wadeenadu waxay habayn karaan goynta shabakada sida ay rabaan, iyo malaha habka ugu kharash-oolsan.
Sidee loo hirgeliyaa mid ka mid ah Goynta Shabakadda (I)?
(2) Shabakadda goynta inta u dhaxaysa cidhifka iyo daruuraha xudunta u ah: IP/MPLS-SDN
Shabakadda qeexan ee software, in kasta oo fikrad fudud markii ugu horreysay la soo bandhigay, haddana way sii adkaanaysaa. Qaadashada qaabka dulsaar tusaale ahaan, tignoolajiyada SDN waxay bixin kartaa isku xirka shabakada ee u dhexeeya mashiinada farsamada ee kaabayaasha shabakada ee jira.
Dhamaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka Goynta Shabakadda
Marka hore, waxaan eegeynaa sida loo hubiyo in isku xirka shabakada ee ka dhexeeya daruuraha cirifka ah iyo mashiinnada farsamada daruuriga ah ee daruuriga ah uu yahay mid sugan. Shabakadda ka dhaxaysa mishiinnada farsamada casriga ah waxay u baahan tahay in la hirgeliyo iyadoo lagu salaynayo IP/MPLS-SDN iyo Gaadiidka SDN. Warqadan, waxaan diirada saareynaa IP/MPLS-SDN oo ay bixiyaan iibiyaasha router. Ericsson iyo Juniper labaduba waxay bixiyaan alaabada qaab dhismeedka shabakadda IP/MPLS SDN. Hawlgalladu wax yar bay ka duwan yihiin, laakiin isku xidhka VMS-ku-salaysan ee SDN aad bay isku mid yihiin.
Daruuraha xudunta u ah waxaa ku jira adeegayaal la farsameeyay. Gudaha hypervisor ee server-ka, ku socodsii vRouter/vSwitch-ku-dhisan. Xakameeyaha SDN wuxuu bixiyaa qaabeynta tunnel-ka u dhexeeya server-ka la taaban karo iyo routerka DC G/W (router-ka PE ee ka abuura MPLS L3 VPN gudaha xarunta xogta daruuraha). Samee tunnel-ka SDN (ie MPLS GRE ama VXLAN) inta u dhaxaysa mishiin kasta (tusaale 5G IoT core) iyo DC G/W router ee daruuraha xudunta u ah.
Kantaroolaha SDN ayaa markaa maamula khariidaynta u dhaxaysa tunnel-yadan iyo MPLS L3 VPN, sida IoT VPN. Nidaamku waa isku mid marka loo eego daruuraha cidhifka ah, abuurista jeex iot ah oo ku xidhan daruur cidhifeedka ilaa laf dhabarta IP/MPLS iyo dhammaan dariiqa daruuraha xudunta u ah. Habkan waxaa lagu fulin karaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo tignoolajiyada iyo heerarka qaangaarka ah ee la heli karo ilaa hadda.
(3) Shabakadda goynta inta u dhaxaysa cidhifka iyo daruuraha xudunta u ah: IP/MPLS-SDN
Waxa hadda hadhay waa shabakada hore ee mobilada. Sideen u goynaa shabakadan hore ee mobilada inta u dhaxaysa daruuraha cidhifka ah iyo 5G RU? Marka hore, shabakada hore ee 5G waa in la qeexaa marka hore. Waxa jira xulashooyin qaarkood oo laga wada hadlayo (tusaale, soo bandhigida shabakad horudhac ah oo ku salaysan baakidh cusub iyadoo dib loo qeexayo shaqaynta DU iyo RU), laakiin qeexid heersare ah weli lama samayn. Jaantuskan soo socdaa waa jaantus lagu soo bandhigay kooxda shaqada ee ITU IMT 2020 wuxuuna siinayaa tusaale shabakad fronhaul ah.
Tusaalaha Goynta Shabakadda 5G C-RAN ee Ururka ITU
Waqtiga boostada: Febraayo-02-2024
